Fritsch (1935) classified this order into 5 families. He published his classification in the book “The structure and reproduction of the Algae” (1935). B. Flagellar arrangement. The members are grouped together as they share some common characteristics. They have only … However, they are not necessarily closely related. According to Fritsch algae must include all holophytic organisms that fail to reach the higher level of differentiation, charactristic of higher plants. Pigmentation 2. 2.Furthermore, single chain RNA viruses are divided into RNAs with positive polarity and … The ICBN (Lanjouw, 1956) has recommended the following suffixes for the different categories of algae: He was the first phycologist who suggested a most comprehensive and authoritative classification of algae in his book ”The Structure and The Reproduction of The Algae”. Dinophyceae 7. in classification proposed by him and his followers. Chlorophyceae 2. In 1955 C. M. Smith has classified algae into seven divisions, each of which contains one or more classes. So in this school of thought there is no word like ”phyta”. Xanthophyceae or yellow—green algae e.g. Oscillatonia, Nostoc, etc. He classified algae as follows: Afterwards Fritsch (1935), professor of Botany, University of London proposed a classification based on pigments present in plant body. Phaeophyceae or brown algae, e.g. o the presence or absence of flagella (as well as the number and To support such claim, we can recall two world famous phycologists’ statement: “Sometimes even the professional botanists and biologists find algae embarrassingly elusive of definition” (Bold and Wynne). Some schools of scientists prefer certain characters of algae while the other choose the remaining ones. Bacillariophyceae 5. Some are unicellular eg. Fritch ist botanist who classify algae group. C. Reserve food. Botrydium. iv. During the first Match Day celebration of its kind, the UCSF School of Medicine class of 2020 logged onto their computers the morning of Friday, March 20 to be greeted by a video from Catherine Lucey, MD, MACP, Executive Vice Dean and Vice Dean for Medical Education. The account of algae dates back to ancient Chinese literature and it is a believe that along with the origin of plant sciences, the recognition of algae as a group has taken place. Range of Thallus Structure in Algae… The above discussion avouches (=certify) well that the science of classification is a complicated one and in case of algae it has reached its apogee (=highest point). Classification F.E. Bacillariophyceae 5. Internal structure of flagella is similar in all. In general only the broader aspects of classification of algae are taken into consideration, since a detailed discussion of the many problems relating to the placing of individual genera would unduly increase the length of this article. 44 1. Lee (1999, 2008 (the one given in 2008 is followed here)). He divided into eleven classes of them six classes are discussed here upto order. Fritsch proposed a classification for algae­ based on pigmentation, types of ­flagella, ­reserve food materials, thallus­ structure and ­reproduction. Fritsch (1944-45) classified algae into 11 classes in his book “Structure and Reproduction of Algae” based on the following characteristics. 1 Comment Xanthophyceae (Yellow-Green Algae) These are the least prolific species of algae. Fctocarpus, Laminaria, Dictyota, Fucus, etc. Methods of reproduction are almost common in all. We write high quality term papers, sample essays, research papers, dissertations, thesis papers, assignments, book reviews, speeches, book reports, custom web content and business papers. For example, some phycologists place the classes Bacillariophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Xanthophyceae in the division Chromophyta, whereas others place each class in separate divisions: Bacillariophyta, Phaeophyta, and Xanthophyta. Ø The classification of algae by Fritsch is primarily based of the pigmentation in algae. Asexual reproduction takes place by biflagellate zoospores or quadriflagellate zoospores, aplanospores or akinetes. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Whereas the above two classifications were proposed basing on some physical and chemical characteristics of algae, there is a third classification as proposed by Robert Edward Lee based on the evolutionary features. Planning to have multiple careers one by one but promised to be with 'Plantlet' as long as it's primary stage remains unfinished. He treated algae giving rank of division and divided it into 11 classes. Classification is based on pigments, flagella and reserve food material. Chiefly consists of Diatoms; terrestrial, fresh water or saline water; flagellated or non-flagellated; unicellular or multicellular, colonial or filamentous; cell wall made of pectin with deposition of silica particles on the surface; of the pigments carotin and Xanthophyll are present in abundance; special method of sexual reproduction; oil and leucosin (a complex carbohydrate) are reserve food. F.E. There are in total eleven classes in Fritsch’s classification. It is very difficult to define Algae. F.E. This article will be incomplete if the author doesn’t quote the words of Prescott (1969) about the complexity of classification schemes: …..ideas concerning classification systems continually vary as more and more facts are disclosed which require modifications of the previous concepts. In: Sahoo D., Seckbach J. Classification of Algae by Fritsch . It is so diverse that putting all the common characters to define algae in a single sentence is almost an impossible task. The classification of algae into taxonomic groups is based upon the same rules that are used for the classification of land plants, but the organization of groups of algae above the order level has changed substantially since 1960. Pigments differ in different phytas (=divisions). Chrysophyceae 4. Classification by F.E FRITSCH. Rollno – 1927 Subject – Botany Submitted to – Vidhi Mam INTRODUCTION • Algae posses diverse character in their pigments , reserves of food , nature of cilia, • According to these physiological and morphological characters these were classified by various people. The following table provides a useful scheme of the differences among the three schools of thought which may come handy while studying the three classifications together. N.B: Our team is working on the differences. Algae are the simplest multicellular plants. xi. Robert Edward Lee divided the algae based on evolution and formed. Projectiles – To hold something/prey/to move. o cell wall composition and structure. Algae refers to a heteromorphic group of organisms which are capable of doing photosynthesis as they contain chlorophyll as their primary pigment and lack a sterile covering around their reproductive cells. classification of algae 5. Chlorophyta or Green Algae: They are found in fresh water or saline water; unicellular, multicellular … DIVISION CLASS CHLOROPHYTA CHLOROPHYCEAE , CHAROPHYCEAE EULENOPHYTA EULENOPHYCEAE PYRROPHYTA CRYPTOPHYCEAE, DESMOPHYCEAE, DINOPHYCEAE CHRYSOPHYTA XANTHOPHYCEAE, CHRYSOPHYACEAE, BACILLARIOPHYCEAE PHAEOPHYTA ISOGENERATAE, HETEROGENERATAE, CYCLOSPORAE … Discover (and save!) Present-day classification of algae. Ø Distribution pattern of pigments has great taxonomic significance in algae. #462: 56 = Phalanges in the Human Body #461: 15 = Digits On A Clock Face #460: 3 = Huey Dewey and Louie Nephews of Donald Duck #459: 4 = Terminals at Heathrow Airport in London #458: 19991 = Random Palindromic Five Digit Number #457: 95 = Percent Water of a Jellyfish #456: 10 = Elements before Sodium in the Periodic Table #455: 17 = Age of Abba's Dancing Queen #454: 11 = Classes of Algae … Chiefly marine; plant body is very complex; main pigment is phycoerythrin; sexual reproduction is oogamous; male gametes known as spermatia, are non-flagel­lated; reserve food is Florideam starch. Classification of Algae. Achieveressays.com is the one place where you find help for all types of assignments. Bacillariophyceae (= diatoms): These are yellow-green-brown or olive green in colour. His classification was based on such criteria as pigmentation, types of flagella, assimilatory products, thallus structure and methods of reproduction. Fritsch (1935, 1945 and his followers) opined that algae is itself equivalent to a division, and therefore it can only be divided into classes (=phyceae). In this article we will discuss about the Fritsch’s and Smith’s classification of algae. 'Plantlet' is a small step of a big initiative that we have been planning for two years. phyceae) and not into divisions (i.e. As the following characters are common in all algae, Fritsch and his followers are disinclined to form any divisions rather considered Algae itself as a division. Classification of Fritsch was based on the following criteria Pigmentation Types of flagella Assimilatory products Thallus structure Method of reproduction Fritsch divided algae into the following 11 classes 1.Chlorophyceae 2. Product of assimilation may be different but the process of assimilation is same in all. E. Reproduction They are found in fresh water or saline water; unicellular, multicellular or colonial; cells flagellated or non-flagellated; reproduction is asexual or sexual; presence of chlorophyll, carotin and xanthophyll like higher plants; reserve food is starch. Again some botanists opt for the modern phylogenetic system. ii. Bacillariophyceae or golden-brown algae e.g. Due to its diverse nature, the algal classification is also a difficult task. Name – Archana Course – Zoology Hons. Fritsch (1944-45) categorized algae into eleven groups in his book “Structure and Reproduction of Algae” that are based on the given characteristics: A. Pigmentation. We will add more of them shortly. Because of such incorporation, the words such as Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae indicate an idea of their relationship with algae. Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta etc.) The Greek word for algae is ”phykos” and according to International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN), a group of algae should necessarily be incorporated by the word ”phykos”. Rarely one, and generally a combination of a few or more of the following characters are considered by the algal taxonomists while classifying algae: Regarding the algal classification, there are three schools of thought: (supported by Papenfuss, 1946; Bold and Wynne), the algae should be divided first into several divisions (i.e. Ø Algae also shows great diversity in pigmentation. Zoomalia.com est l’animalerie en ligne à petits prix qui propose plus de 100 000 références en alimentation, nourriture, produits et accessoires pour animaux. and then in each division, there should be different classes (i.e. Chiefly marine; plant body large and complicated by the presence of pigment like fucoxanthin and phycophene; both sexual and asexual reproduction take place; sexual reproduction is isogamous and oogamous carbohydrate and oil are reserve food. ALGAE. Product of photosynthesis is different in different divisions. Diatomin is … Bold and M.J. Wynne (1978, 1985 (the one given in 1985 is followed here)), R.E. #columbiamed #whitecoatceremony” Xanthophyceae (Heterokontae, Yellow-green algae), Bacillariophyceae (Diatom, Yellow or golden brown algae), Myxophyceae (Cyanophyceae, Blue-green algae), Chrysophyta (Golden and yellow green algae), Eukaryotic algae-with chloroplast surrounded only by the two membranes of the chloroplast envelope (Glaucophyta, Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta), Eukaryotic algae-with chloroplast surrounded only by one membrane of chloro­plast endoplasmic reticulum (Euglenophyta and Dinophyta), Algae which have two membranes of Chloroplast Endoplasmic Reticulum (Cryptophyta and Heterokontophyta), The metabolic or assimilatory food products. Cryptophyceae 6. Characteristics of Bryophytes. Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta etc.) (eds) The Algae World. Algae The basis of classification also includes-. Ø Pigments in algae belongs to three major categories: (1). Would love your thoughts, please comment. phyta such as Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta etc.) 5 Stages in Life cycle of Puccinia. Algae capture light energy through photosynthesis and convert inorganic substances into simple sugars using the captured energy. One of the best known algal classification was proposed by Fritsch who divided them into 11 classes(1945). Chrysophyceae 4. Ø Different groups of algae have different pigment composition. So there is no word like phyta (e.g. Supporters of the first view classified algae into divisions as they considered: (supported by Fritsch, 1935, 1945 and his followers), algae is itself equivalent to a division, and therefore it can only be further divided into classes (i.e. G.M.Smith defines algae as simple plants with autotrophic mode of nutrition. in classification proposed by him and his followers. Batrachospermun, Polysiphonia, etc. So there is no word like phyta (e.g. Fritsch (1935, 1945) in his book “The Structure and Reproduction of the Algae” proposed a system of classification of algae. 1,663 Likes, 63 Comments - Mitch Herbert (@mitchmherbert) on Instagram: “Excited to start this journey! 1.1 ClASSIFICAtIon The classification of algae is complex and somewhat controversial, especially concerning the blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), which are sometimes known as blue-green Besides, we believe the more detailed study on algae would give rise to more accurate (or inaccurate?) The algae have broadly been divided by F. F. Fritsch in 1935 into eleven classes according to their colour: i. Chlorophyceae or green algae, e.g. Fritsch classified algae into 11 classes on the basis of the type of pigments, mode of reproduction and nature of reserve food material. D. Thallus organization. Diatom. A brief account of this classification is given below: Cyanophyta or blue green algae-inhabitants of moist soil and rocks, fresh water or saline water; unicellular or colonial; plastids not well-defined; presence of nucleoplasm in the centre of the cell and chromoplasm in the periphery; nucleus is primitive; phycocyanin is the chief pigment but sometimes phycoerythrin may be present; sexual reproduction and flagellated cells are always ab­sent; reproduction is vegetative or asexual by resting spores; gly­cogen is the reserve food. The most widespread classification of viruses depends on the nature and structure of their genome rather than on the diseases that they can cause .As a consequence, a basic difference exists between DNA and RNA viruses, which may have single or double chains of genetic material, see Fig. Algae (singular alga) is a term that involves many different groups of living organisms. F.E. The division consists of three classes, of which Bacillariophyceae is the main plants consisting of this class are known as Dia­toms or golden brown algae; the yellow pigment diatomin is always present with chlorophyll. Chlorophyll-a is ubiquitous to all algae, and so there is definitely a common origin from a common source. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Spirogyra, Oedogonium, Ulothrix, Vaucheria, Chara, etc. And after much effort, here we begin... Before diving into these classifications, we need to know about some basic things which are headlined and described below. Bold and Wynne (1985) recognized ten divisions of algae retaining the nomenclature given by Papenfuss (1946), except for blue-green algae. It is actually a website that is visioned to become a mentor of plant science students. There are in total eleven classes in Fritsch’s classification. He published his classification in the book “ The structure and reproduction of the Algae ”(1935). Classification . The use of algae in integrated aquaculture has also been recently reviewed by Turan (2009). It is really fascinating that an apparently simple group of organisms like algae possesses such diverse nature in both morphological and physio-chemical characteristics. Xanthophyceae 3. Currently in 4th year (Hons) in the Department of Botany, University of Dhaka. •The current systems of classification of algae are based on the following main criteria: o kinds of photosynthetic pigments, o type or chemical nature of photosynthetic energy storage products o photosynthetic membranes’ (thylakoids) organization and other features of the chloroplasts. 1st Year Semester I Classification of AlgaeThis series of videos, is for the B.Sc. Xanthophyceae 3. 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